Moses Malone vs. Dwyane Wade Season by Season Comparison

Side by side comparison of each NBA season of Dwyane Wade and Moses Malone, from their rookie seasons to their last year played, in chronological order with awards, stats, championships and playoff performance of their teams every year.

Player comparisons:
Career comparison / Season by season

Who had the better rookie season? Who had best stats in their 10th season? Who won a championship first? These questions and many others, are answered here.

Moses Malone played 19 years in the NBA, 3 more than Dwyane Wade, who played 16. Moses Malone had the first of his seasons in 1976-77, while Dwyane Wade had his rookie season in 2003-04. With that starting point, here you can take a look at each of their seasons side by side and compare how their careers evolved in achivements, awards and championships won, the stats they recorded both in the Regular Season and the Playoffs and how their teams performed in the postseason.

Their Careers

Player
Total Seasons Playoffs Played NBA Years
Moses Malone 19 12 1976-77 to 1994-95
Dwyane Wade 16 13 2003-04 to 2018-19

Comparison Season by Season

Jump to season:
1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19

Rookie Season

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1976-772003-04
Team Buffalo Braves, Houston RocketsMiami Heat
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-Rookie First Team
Playoffs Rockets Lost East Conf FinalsHeat Lost East Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 82 30.6 13.2 5.3 7.7 13.1 1.1 0.8 2.2 - 3.4 4.7 9.9 .480 - - - 3.7 5.4 .693
Dwyane Wade 61 34.9 16.2 1.4 2.7 4.0 4.5 1.4 0.6 3.2 2.3 6.1 13.1 .465 0.3 0.9 .302 3.8 5.1 .747
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 12 43.2 18.8 7.0 9.9 16.9 0.6 1.1 1.8 - 3.5 6.8 13.5 .500 - - - 5.3 7.6 .692
Dwyane Wade 13 39.5 18.0 1.2 2.8 4.0 5.6 1.3 0.3 4.2 3.5 6.6 14.5 .455 0.2 0.6 .375 4.5 5.8 .787

Season 2

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1977-782004-05
Team Houston RocketsMiami Heat
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA Second Team
-Achievement All-Defensive Second Team
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Did Not PlayHeat Lost East Conf Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 59 35.7 19.4 6.4 8.6 15.0 0.5 0.8 1.3 3.7 3.0 7.0 14.0 .499 - - - 5.4 7.5 .718
Dwyane Wade 77 38.6 24.1 1.4 3.7 5.2 6.8 1.6 1.1 4.2 3.0 8.2 17.1 .478 0.2 0.6 .289 7.5 9.9 .762
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Dwyane Wade 14 41.0 27.4 1.6 4.1 5.7 6.6 1.6 1.1 4.4 3.1 9.7 20.1 .484 0.1 0.7 .100 7.9 9.9 .799

Season 3

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1978-792005-06
Team Houston RocketsMiami Heat
Honors & Awards -Achievement Finals MVP
Achievement Season MVP-
Achievement All-NBA First Team-
-Achievement All-NBA Second Team
Achievement All-Defensive Second Team-
Achievement Rebounds Leader-
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Rockets Lost East Conf 1st RdNBA Champion NBA Champion
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 82 41.3 24.8 7.2 10.5 17.6 1.8 1.0 1.5 4.0 2.7 8.7 16.2 .540 - - - 7.3 9.9 .739
Dwyane Wade 75 38.6 27.2 1.4 4.3 5.7 6.7 1.9 0.8 3.6 2.9 9.3 18.8 .495 0.2 1.0 .171 8.4 10.7 .783
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 2 39.0 24.5 12.5 8.0 20.5 1.0 0.5 4.0 4.0 2.5 9.0 20.5 .439 - - - 6.5 9.0 .722
Dwyane Wade 23 41.7 28.4 1.2 4.7 5.9 5.7 2.2 1.1 3.9 3.1 9.5 19.2 .497 0.6 1.6 .378 8.8 10.9 .808

Season 4

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1979-802006-07
Team Houston RocketsMiami Heat
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
-Achievement All-NBA Third Team
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Rockets Lost East Conf SemisHeat Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 82 38.3 25.8 7.0 7.5 14.5 1.8 1.0 1.3 3.7 2.6 9.5 18.9 .502 0.0 0.1 .000 6.9 9.5 .719
Dwyane Wade 51 37.9 27.4 1.0 3.7 4.7 7.5 2.1 1.2 4.2 2.3 9.3 18.9 .491 0.4 1.5 .266 8.5 10.5 .807
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 7 39.3 25.9 6.0 7.9 13.9 1.0 0.6 2.3 3.1 2.6 10.6 19.7 .536 0.0 0.1 .000 4.7 6.1 .767
Dwyane Wade 4 40.5 23.5 1.8 3.0 4.8 6.3 1.3 0.5 5.8 3.3 9.0 21.0 .429 0.0 1.3 .000 5.5 8.0 .688

Season 5

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1980-812007-08
Team Houston RocketsMiami Heat
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
Achievement Rebounds Leader-
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Rockets Lost NBA FinalsDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 80 40.6 27.8 5.9 8.8 14.8 1.8 1.0 1.9 3.9 2.8 10.1 19.3 .522 0.0 0.0 .333 7.6 10.1 .757
Dwyane Wade 51 38.3 24.6 0.9 3.3 4.2 6.9 1.7 0.7 4.4 2.7 8.6 18.4 .469 0.4 1.5 .286 6.9 9.2 .758
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 21 45.5 26.8 6.0 8.6 14.5 1.7 0.6 1.6 2.8 2.6 9.9 20.6 .479 0.0 0.1 .000 7.0 9.9 .712
Dwyane Wade ------- --- ----------

Season 6

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1981-822008-09
Team Houston RocketsMiami Heat
Honors & Awards Achievement Season MVP-
Achievement All-NBA First TeamAchievement All-NBA First Team
-Achievement All-Defensive Second Team
-Achievement Scoring Leader
Achievement Rebounds Leader-
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Rockets Lost West Conf 1st RdHeat Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 81 42.0 31.1 6.9 7.8 14.7 1.8 0.9 1.5 3.6 2.6 11.7 22.5 .519 0.0 0.1 .000 7.8 10.2 .762
Dwyane Wade 79 38.6 30.2 1.1 3.9 5.0 7.5 2.2 1.3 3.4 2.3 10.8 22.0 .491 1.1 3.5 .317 7.5 9.8 .765
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 3 45.3 24.0 9.3 7.7 17.0 3.3 0.7 0.7 2.0 2.7 9.7 22.3 .433 0.0 0.0 - 4.7 5.0 .933
Dwyane Wade 7 40.7 29.1 0.6 4.4 5.0 5.3 0.9 1.6 3.6 2.9 9.7 22.1 .439 2.6 7.1 .360 7.1 8.3 .862

Season 7

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1982-832009-10
Team Philadelphia 76ersMiami Heat
Honors & Awards Achievement Finals MVP-
Achievement Season MVP-
Achievement All-NBA First TeamAchievement All-NBA First Team
Achievement All-Defensive First Team-
-Achievement All-Defensive Second Team
Achievement Rebounds Leader-
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
-Achievement All-Star Game NVP
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA ChampionHeat Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 78 37.5 24.5 5.7 9.6 15.3 1.3 1.1 2.0 3.4 2.6 8.4 16.7 .501 0.0 0.0 .000 7.7 10.1 .761
Dwyane Wade 77 36.3 26.6 1.4 3.5 4.8 6.5 1.8 1.1 3.3 2.4 9.3 19.6 .476 0.9 3.2 .300 6.9 9.1 .761
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 13 40.3 26.0 5.4 10.5 15.8 1.5 1.5 1.9 3.1 3.1 9.7 18.1 .536 0.0 0.1 .000 6.6 9.2 .717
Dwyane Wade 5 42.0 33.2 1.2 4.4 5.6 6.8 1.6 1.6 5.2 3.2 12.4 22.0 .564 3.0 7.4 .405 5.4 8.0 .675

Season 8

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1983-842010-11
Team Philadelphia 76ersMiami Heat
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second TeamAchievement All-NBA Second Team
Achievement Rebounds Leader-
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs 76ers Lost East Conf 1st RdHeat Lost NBA Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 71 36.8 22.7 5.0 8.4 13.4 1.4 1.0 1.5 3.5 2.6 7.5 15.5 .483 0.0 0.1 .000 7.7 10.2 .750
Dwyane Wade 76 37.1 25.5 1.6 4.8 6.4 4.6 1.5 1.1 3.1 2.6 9.1 18.2 .500 0.8 2.7 .306 6.5 8.6 .758
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 5 42.4 21.4 4.0 9.8 13.8 1.4 0.6 2.2 4.2 3.0 7.6 16.6 .458 0.0 0.0 - 6.2 6.4 .969
Dwyane Wade 21 39.4 24.5 2.0 5.1 7.1 4.4 1.6 1.3 3.0 2.5 8.6 17.8 .485 0.7 2.5 .269 6.6 8.5 .777

Season 9

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1984-852011-12
Team Philadelphia 76ersMiami Heat
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA First Team-
-Achievement All-NBA Third Team
Achievement Rebounds Leader-
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs 76ers Lost East Conf FinalsNBA Champion NBA Champion
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 79 37.4 24.6 4.9 8.2 13.1 1.6 0.8 1.6 3.6 2.7 7.6 16.3 .469 0.0 0.0 .000 9.3 11.4 .815
Dwyane Wade 49 33.2 22.1 1.5 3.3 4.8 4.6 1.7 1.3 2.6 2.2 8.5 17.1 .497 0.3 1.1 .268 4.8 6.1 .791
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 13 38.8 20.2 2.8 7.8 10.6 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.8 3.0 6.9 16.3 .425 0.0 0.1 .000 6.3 7.9 .796
Dwyane Wade 23 39.4 22.8 1.4 3.8 5.2 4.3 1.7 1.3 3.0 2.8 8.6 18.5 .462 0.4 1.5 .294 5.3 7.2 .729

Season 10

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1985-862012-13
Team Philadelphia 76ersMiami Heat
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA Third Team
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Did Not PlayNBA Champion NBA Champion
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 74 36.6 23.8 4.6 7.2 11.8 1.2 0.9 1.0 3.5 2.6 7.7 16.8 .458 0.0 0.0 .000 8.3 10.6 .787
Dwyane Wade 69 34.7 21.2 1.2 3.7 5.0 5.1 1.9 0.8 2.8 2.0 8.2 15.8 .521 0.2 1.0 .258 4.5 6.2 .725
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Dwyane Wade 22 35.5 15.9 1.7 2.9 4.6 4.8 1.7 1.0 2.6 2.0 6.5 14.3 .457 0.0 0.2 .250 2.7 3.6 .750

Season 11

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1986-872013-14
Team Washington BulletsMiami Heat
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Bullets Lost East Conf 1st RdHeat Lost NBA Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 73 34.1 24.1 4.7 6.6 11.3 1.6 0.8 1.3 2.8 1.9 8.2 18.0 .454 0.0 0.2 .000 7.8 9.5 .824
Dwyane Wade 54 32.9 19.0 1.1 3.4 4.5 4.7 1.5 0.5 3.0 2.0 7.7 14.1 .545 0.2 0.6 .281 3.5 4.8 .733
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 3 38.0 20.7 5.0 7.7 12.7 1.7 0.0 1.0 2.7 1.7 7.0 15.7 .447 0.0 0.0 - 6.7 7.0 .952
Dwyane Wade 20 34.7 17.8 0.8 3.1 3.9 3.9 1.5 0.3 2.7 2.8 7.0 13.9 .500 0.5 1.2 .375 3.5 4.5 .767

Season 12

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1987-882014-15
Team Washington BulletsMiami Heat
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Bullets Lost East Conf 1st RdDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 79 34.1 20.3 4.7 6.5 11.2 1.4 0.7 0.9 3.2 2.0 6.7 13.8 .487 0.0 0.1 .286 6.9 8.7 .788
Dwyane Wade 62 31.8 21.5 0.9 2.6 3.5 4.8 1.2 0.3 3.4 1.7 8.2 17.5 .470 0.5 1.6 .284 4.6 6.0 .768
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 5 39.6 18.6 4.4 6.8 11.2 1.4 0.6 0.8 3.0 1.8 6.0 13.0 .462 0.0 0.2 .000 6.6 8.0 .825
Dwyane Wade ------- --- ----------

Season 13

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1988-892015-16
Team Atlanta HawksMiami Heat
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Hawks Lost East Conf 1st RdHeat Lost East Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 81 35.5 20.2 4.8 7.0 11.8 1.4 1.0 1.2 3.0 1.9 6.6 13.5 .491 0.0 0.1 .000 6.9 8.8 .789
Dwyane Wade 74 30.5 19.0 1.1 3.0 4.1 4.6 1.1 0.6 2.7 1.6 7.3 16.0 .456 0.1 0.6 .159 4.4 5.5 .793
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 5 39.4 21.0 5.4 6.6 12.0 1.8 1.4 0.8 2.2 1.0 6.4 12.8 .500 0.2 0.2 1.000 8.0 10.2 .784
Dwyane Wade 14 33.8 21.4 0.9 4.8 5.6 4.3 0.8 0.9 2.7 1.6 8.5 18.1 .469 0.9 1.6 .522 3.6 4.6 .781

Season 14

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1989-902016-17
Team Atlanta HawksChicago Bulls
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Did Not PlayBulls Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 81 33.8 18.9 4.5 5.5 10.0 1.6 0.6 1.0 2.9 2.0 6.4 13.3 .480 0.0 0.1 .111 6.1 7.8 .781
Dwyane Wade 60 29.9 18.3 1.1 3.5 4.5 3.8 1.4 0.7 2.3 1.9 6.9 15.9 .434 0.8 2.4 .310 3.7 4.7 .794
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Dwyane Wade 6 31.7 15.0 1.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 0.8 1.3 1.7 1.3 5.3 14.3 .372 1.0 2.8 .353 3.3 3.5 .952

Season 15

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1990-912017-18
Team Atlanta HawksCleveland Cavaliers, Miami Heat
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Hawks Lost East Conf 1st RdHeat Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 82 23.3 10.6 3.3 4.8 8.1 0.8 0.4 0.9 1.7 1.6 3.4 7.3 .468 0.0 0.1 .000 3.8 4.5 .831
Dwyane Wade 67 22.9 11.4 0.7 3.0 3.8 3.4 0.9 0.7 2.1 1.9 4.5 10.2 .438 0.5 1.7 .288 2.0 2.8 .714
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 5 16.8 4.2 3.2 3.0 6.2 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 4.0 .200 0.0 0.0 - 2.6 2.8 .929
Dwyane Wade 5 25.4 16.6 0.6 3.6 4.2 3.6 1.4 0.2 2.2 2.2 6.2 14.0 .443 0.0 0.8 .000 4.2 5.2 .808

Season 16

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1991-922018-19
Team Milwaukee BucksMiami Heat
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Did Not PlayDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 82 30.6 15.6 3.9 5.2 9.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.8 1.7 5.4 11.3 .474 0.0 0.1 .375 4.8 6.1 .786
Dwyane Wade 72 26.2 15.0 1.0 3.0 4.0 4.2 0.8 0.5 2.3 1.6 5.8 13.3 .433 1.2 3.6 .330 2.3 3.2 .708
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Dwyane Wade ------- --- ----------

Season 17

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1992-93-
Team Milwaukee Bucks-
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Did Not Play-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 11 9.5 4.5 2.0 2.2 4.2 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.5 1.2 3.8 .310 0.0 0.0 - 2.2 2.8 .774
Dwyane Wade ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Dwyane Wade ------- --- ----------

Season 18

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1993-94-
Team Philadelphia 76ers-
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Did Not Play-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 55 11.2 5.3 1.9 2.2 4.1 0.6 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.9 1.9 4.2 .440 0.0 0.0 .000 1.6 2.1 .769
Dwyane Wade ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Dwyane Wade ------- --- ----------

Season 19

Moses Malone Dwyane Wade
Season 1994-95-
Team San Antonio Spurs-
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Did Not Play-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 17 8.8 2.9 1.2 1.5 2.7 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.8 2.1 .371 0.1 0.1 .500 1.3 1.9 .688
Dwyane Wade ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Dwyane Wade ------- --- ----------